Cattle producers preparing for spring and summer-planted pastures can now access a new publication from Iowa State University Extension and Outreach that is designed to assist with forage selection. “Selecting Forage Species” is available for download at no cost from the ISU Extension Store. The publication was previously known as PM1792.

Many factors must be considered when choosing a forage species, including environmental conditions, soil properties, intended use and animal requirements. Additionally, toxicities can occur, depending on the species. Prussic acid, for example, can be fatal to cattle, but knowing these risks allows producers to manage them effectively.

While selecting a forage species includes several critical precautions, the publication aims to simplify the process. It features clear tables of forage species management considerations, allowing producers to easily compare species based on life cycle, common uses, expected yields, tolerance to acidity and other relevant precautions.

Assistant professor, extension forage specialist and publication author Shelby Gruss emphasized the importance of carefully selecting a species that fits operational and animal needs.

“There is no single ‘miracle’ forage that suits every situation; proper management is necessary,” she said. “Each forage species has benefits and limitations, making it important to select the right combination to address specific gaps in a forage system.

"Species selection is the start of a well-producing pasture, hayfield and crop rotation that enhances year-round forage production,” Gruss added.